It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. All known fermions, except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. They include the quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particles consisting of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei.įermions have half-integer spin for all known elementary fermions this is 1⁄ 2. Fermion particles are described by Fermi–Dirac statistics and have quantum numbers described by the Pauli exclusion principle. Many other hypothetical elementary particles, such as the graviton, have been proposed, but not observed experimentally.įermions are one of the two fundamental classes of particles, the other being bosons. All the particles of the Standard Model have been experimentally observed, recently including the Higgs boson in 2012. Fermions have half-integer spin while bosons have integer spin. Elementary particles are classified according to their spin. Many families and sub-families of elementary particles exist. They are the fundamental objects of quantum field theory. ![]() ![]() ![]() See Standard Model for the current consensus theory of these particles.Įlementary particles are particles with no measurable internal structure that is, it is unknown whether they are composed of other particles.
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